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This blog is designed to guide my English 1A students through the process of critically reading Sherman Alexie's novel, Reservation Blues. Homework assignments and schedule changes will be updated on a daily basis on this page. For more information about how to use this site, click on the "About" page to the right.

Study Guide - Chapter 8

Urban Indian Blues


Relevant Link: http://www.utne.com/arts/history-of-the-blues-ze0z1306zpit.aspx 

Summary
The chapter opens with Coyote Springs prepping for their first studio recording in New York City, in the hopes of receiving a contract with Calvary Records. While waiting for the CEO, Mr. Armstrong, to arrive at the recording studio, George Wright and Phil Sheridan are debating whether or not their boss would like Coyote Springs. Sheridan argued that the music industry is no longer about finding musicians, but rather someone who can make money. Later, the band plays, “Urban Indian Blues,” in front of Mr. Armstrong while Sheridan and Wright nervously watch on.

Victor’s guitar suddenly causes him too much pain for him to continue while Checkers forgets her lyrics, and the band fails to perform. Armstrong loses patience and tells the Coyote Springs that they do not have what it takes to be professional. After Armstrong leaves, Sheridan and Wright tells Coyote Springs that they need to go home and maybe after a while Armstrong will cool down and want to hear them again. Sheridan and Wright try to smooth things over, but Victor is too prideful to hear their pleas and he trashes the studio in a fit. Victor and Junior flee the scene to go get drunk in the city while the rest of the band tries to look for them.

Back at the hotel Chess, Checkers and Thomas are frantically thinking about what to do and how New York is extremely dangerous for two Indian men. They started thinking about scenarios where Victor and Junior get killed. Chess and Thomas decided to grab a phonebook and search every bar they come across for Junior and Victor.

While Victor is getting trashed, Junior flashes back to his time he had spent in college, where he met a white woman named Lynn. It is revealed that the two of them had had a romantic relationship where he impregnated her, but the pressure of raising a child, or even being with an Indian man, was too much for Lynn, so they split.

Meanwhile, Checkers is waiting at the hotel room in case Victor and Junior make their way back there. There she falls asleep and has a nightmare where Sheridan berates her, tortures her, and attempts to rape her. Wright, feeling guilty about the whole situation, goes to the room to apologize to the band, but he finds Checkers having a nightmare instead. He wakes her up as the rest of the band including Victor and Junior make their way back to the room. Wright then explains that he feels guilty and that he feels that he owes them. Implying that Wright is suffering from guilt by all the wrongdoings the white men have done to the Native Americans.


Note: The possible play on words between Cavalry and Calvary…

The Epigraph
The song at the chapter’s beginning, “Urban Indian Blues,” describes a hardship an Indian man faces while living in an urban city. The urban life characterized in the song seems worse than life on the reservation, because not only is he discriminated against by his landlady and not getting as much as he wants, he is also all alone in an unfamiliar environment. The environment he is living in much better than the reservation, but he is alone and has no one to talk to except his boss. We can conclude, therefore, that urban life for an Indian seems worse than life on the reservation. It sounds like living conditions are terrible as the speaker claims, “I trip on rats when I climb the stairs” and “I’m working for minimum, I’m working the maximum.” The Indians seem like they are going to big cities to find a better life, but they find that they do not belong and life at home was better than off the reservation. Then when they decide to go home, they say “I’m saving money for the Greyhound ‘Cause I want to be homeward bound” but it is hard to save enough money even to return home.

Sheridan, Wright, and Armstrong
Sheridan: Sheridan serves as the white men who were evil that took away and killed many Native Americans. He seems to only care about himself. He starts berating Coyote Springs after they screw up in the recording booth when he says, “I brought you little shits here. You screwed me over” (228). He only sees them as a way for him to make money and he starts treating them poorly when he realizes that they will not bring him success.
Wright: Wright serves as the white men who felt guilty for killing and taking innocent Native Americans’ lives. He too wants success, but he is much more aware that Coyote Springs also lost a lot when the recording contract didn’t go through. He has much more of a conscience than Sheridan. After the incident at the recording studio, “He couldn’t sleep at all. He had tossed and turned, worrying about the band” (241). He has plenty to worry about himself, but instead he worries about the well-being of the people that he brought into this situation.
Armstrong: Armstrong, the greedy leader, serves as the generals who commanded men like Sheridan and Wright to take away Native Americans’ beloved land and dreams. He only seems to be interested in what will bring him success, and he seems indifferent to everything else. When he first sees Coyote Springs, he immediately repeats himself by asking “Can they play?” (224). Then, when sees that they screw up, he just says “They don’t have it” and leaves. He probably got to his position of CEO by focusing only on business.

The Screaming Horses
The horses screaming serves as an ominous foreshadowing. For example, in chapter 1 the horses never screamed in pain until the white men came and took over the Native American’s home. The horses represent the pain and suffering of the past generations of Indians. This happens at the most important part of the novel where the characters are desperate to succeed. They have hopes that If their recording goes well, they will be set for a better life.

The newspaper article on 227-228
This article reinforces the personality traits we have seen developed in each member of Coyote Springs.
Victor: The article reveals that he speaks what’s on his mind and doesn't care about how anyone feels about his comments. In the interview he very bluntly stated “We’re going to be rock stars. And we won’t have to come to this reservation ever again. We’ll just leave all of you [jerks] to your [awful] lives” (227). This showed how rude, inconsiderate, ignorant, and childish he could be.
Thomas: He does not want to get his hopes up. In the interview he was very choosing of his words, unlike Victor. He states that “They haven’t promised us anything.” This shows that he will not get too excited for anything until everything is a done deal. So he is treating the audition like an audition and nothing more. He seems to be humble and practical.
Junior: He’s a person who is trying to find out what his purpose is to be on Earth. In the interview he mentions “I just want to be good at something.” He doesn't know what he’s good at and is struggling to find what he can do well. That is his one and only goal. He also seems to seek approval.

Native American Men and White Women
According to Junior's personal view on white women— he considers white women to be trophies for Indian men and felt that having a white woman "was like counting coup or stealing horses" (233). Junior believes that Indian men were drawn toward white women because it was “the best kind of revenge against white men” (233). To some extent this could be true. Junior was turned down by Lynn because white society would reject their union. This type of rejection is part of what causes Indians to be resentful of white people, and Indian men know that they can anger white people in revenge through their interactions with white women. As a Native American man who can identify historically with his culture in terms of land being annexed by the white Anglo Saxon, it understandable that being with a white woman would be the ultimate revenge– some kind of retribution. This plays into white privilege and what that means to a person whose cultural group has been a victim of white privilege.

Men of color are attracted to women of another color if that person is surrounded by them for years– and it is that result of being around white, brown, black that they are attracted to them. Some might have that agenda of viewing white women as high status and that having a white woman signifies the norm of society. For some cases yes it is very possible. Junior believes that Indian men were drawn toward white women because it was “the best kind of revenge against white men” (233). To some extent this could be true. Junior was turned down by Lynn because white society would reject their union. This type of rejection is part of what causes Indians to be resentful of white people, and Indian men know that they can anger white people in revenge through their interactions with white women.

Checkers’ Dream
While Checkers was waiting for Chess and Thomas to return alone or with Junior and Victor, Checkers had dozed off and started to dream about Phil Sheridan. In her dream Sheridan first came to apologize to Checkers and the band, and later he started sharing his feelings that how much the Coyote Springs had blown the opportunity with Mr. Armstrong. Checkers quickly replied back to him claiming that the band had done nothing wrong in the studio. Sheridan got a little irritated and told Checkers “That’s what you Indians always say” (page 236). Him saying something like that and later on talking about how much he was annoyed by the Indians proves the fact that he isn’t a big fan of them. He believed that the Indians were too stubborn and too smart. Later on in the dream Sheridan mentioned the war between the Indians and the whites, and how he pierced a saber through a pregnant Indian woman’s heart and stomped her to death. After he had killed her he told Checkers that he had opened the Indian woman’s stomach and pulled the fetus out and said “We couldn't have that. Nits make lice, you know” (237)? Checkers got lost within her own dream thinking that it was real for a while. She later on recognizes that it is a dream and starts to tell him to go away and stop talking to her, claiming that whatever that has happened on the 11th floor isn’t real. I think Checkers dream was about the white man being a liar– it goes into that thought of being manipulated or deceived. While Sheridan has her tied she states to him "you ain't much at all. You're just another white guy telling lies. You never tell a true story" (241). Sheridan in her dream tells Checkers that he's killed an Indian woman before but she didn't die and fought–that Indians were not as stupid as the white man thought. He then compared them to Einstein. This dream seems to play into the American Native holocaust that occurred. The whole white idealism theme that occurred then and how it manifested into present day. White man trying to marginalize an Indian band by buying them is very similar as how the gentleman buys the soul of the holder. Checker’s dream appears to be a warning to stay away from that scene.

Inter-racial Marriage in Howard County
According to the racial demographics of Howard County in 2008, there is 3.5% inter racial and 61.4% of White. In the 1980s, when Junior was most likely to be in college, inter racial was at 0.9% and 85.5% White. This data shows us that there has been a decreasing of White population and an increase of inter racial from the thirty-year gap. The acceptance of inter racial marriage is definitely higher, but it is still not as common as to those living in states such as California.

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