Welcome to the Reservation Blues Study Guide

This blog is designed to guide my English 1A students through the process of critically reading Sherman Alexie's novel, Reservation Blues. Homework assignments and schedule changes will be updated on a daily basis on this page. For more information about how to use this site, click on the "About" page to the right.

Study Guide - Chapter 1

Chapter 1 - Reservation Blues



#32469

Group A: Ishneet, Lash, Carly, Megan, Connie, Diana

Plot
Review the opening chapter. What kind of background information do we receive?
Set on the Spokane Indian Reservation in 1992 in a town called Wellpinit. The community is tight-knit where everyone seems to know each other. As “not one person, Indian or otherwise, had ever arrived there by accident," the reservation rarely drew visitors (3). Also, the town benefits from some U.S.government subsidies, but apparently not enough as its residents still live in poverty. The government-built housing provided Thomas Builds-the-Fire with his own house, yet it “had never really been finished because the Bureau ofIndian Affairs cut off the building money halfway through construction. The water pipes froze every winter, and the windows warped in the hot summer heat”(7). 

Judging by this beginning, what is the purpose of the book? Who is the audience?How do you know?i. Based off of the beginning and also from Alexie’s interviews, I wouldguess that the purpose of this book would be to shed light on the trueIndian way of life and their struggles living in modern white America.Alexie seems to be writing this mostly for the rest of the Americanaudience for this purpose. He goes into great detail about the everydaylife of his fellow Indians which would not be necessary if he were writingfor an Indian audience. Also, I would guess that his references to CNNand DNA might not have relevance in the Indian culture (9). 

What types of conflict are at work in the novel? Consider the specific internal(character vs. self) and external (character vs. character or character vs. nature)conflicts.
A conflict in the novel is between Robert Johnson and The Gentleman. In the novel, Thomas-Builds-the-Fire asks Robert Johnson who his traveling partner is, Johnson replies saying “My best friend”. As he said my best friend he picked up the guitar and said “But I ain’t gonna tell y’all his name. The Gentleman might hear and come runnin’. He gets into the strings, you hear?” Well from researching the book before reading it, Robert Johnson is known as selling his soul to the devil so that he could be the best blues musician of his time. Later in the book I have a feeling this will come up again and Robert Johnson will be dealing with the devil.

What evidence of foreshadowing do you notice?
I can imagine that the guitar will be playing an important role throughout the book through its seemingly magical powers that Johnson claimed started when “[he] sold [his] soul to the Gentleman so [he] could play this damn guitar better than anybody ever played guitar” (8). Also, I imagine that Big Mom might play an important role later, especially after Johnson journeyed out to visit her and the scene ended with the line “Big Mom sat in her rocking chair and waited to greet her latest visitor” (11). This is somewhat of a cliffhanger that I would imagine Alexie would come back to later in the novel.

Setting:
Where is the story set? In what time is it set?
The story is set on the Spokane Indian Reservation, in 1992.

What might be the significance of this particular time and location?
This could be significant because it serves the purpose of the novel, being that Alexie wishes to show the Indian way of life in a modern setting inAmerica.

What mood is evoked through Alexie’s description of the setting?
It seems Alexie indicated the setting to be barren and dangerous when he describes Robert Johnson at the crossroads alone and waiting. So the mood seems to be cautious and curious.

How does the setting seem to impact the characters? 
The setting in the year of 1992 indicates that the characters have new modern technology that we have today. But some of those things are not really accepted because they were given to them by the“white man”. Quite a few times they mentioned the casino machines in the shops and more to come and made a part of the law to have in the stores. 

How does the setting suggest the themes of the story?
Knowing that the res. still give the knowledge of the old legends by heart and are guided by them. So the theme would seem to be woven with mystery and magic.

Analyze the culture of the reservation. Describe the social and religious values of the townspeople. 
The reservation itself is described as being isolated from the rest of the world, not even being shown on a map. The residents of Wellpinit all know one another. There are many churches on the reservation including“the Assembly of God Church, the Catholic Church and Cemetery, thePresbyterian Church an Cemetery” (1).

How does the community differ from that of the reader?
Aside from being an Indian community, the main differences would most likely be that it is a small, tight-knit, isolated community where everyone knows each other opposed to how many of us live in larger communities where many of our daily interactions are with strangers.

What does this story suggest about Alexie’s attitudes towards the relationship between society and the individual?
It may be possible that Alexie believes that the individual is fairly insignificant in the scope of society. Or, possibly more so that society dictates the life of the individual, just as the individual lives of the Indians are dictated by American society.

Characters:
Do you view Alexie’s protagonist as a heroic figure? Why (not)?
Thomas seemed to be a simple man that lives humbly till he came across a stranger known to be mysterious and to be avoided. But Thomas was different and wanted to help the man and in return he was given a guitar. A guitar with a secret. In appearance Thomas is the hero and we still think he will stay this way till the end.

How is Thomas-Builds-a-Fire’s character revealed throughi. Speech (Use words to conceal, Say one thing but do another, Not say whatthey mean, Say more—or less—than they mean)1. Thomas’s speech seems confident in what he believes in and hemostly does not take a negative tone with anyone, even if they areprovoking him. This perfectly displays his calm approach to life.ii. Actions (Is the action thoughtful or impulsive? Is the action appropriate?What motivation lies behind the action? Is the action influenced by thepast?)1. Going along with the same approach as his speech, Thomas’sactions are thoughtful, calculated, and with a sense of purpose. Heknows that it would be pointless to fight back when Victor usesviolence against him, and instead “[he] didn’t say a word, didn’tstruggle, but thought It’s a good day to die.It’s a good day to getmy ass kicked” (14).iii. Appearance (attire, physical stature, physical condition)1. Thomas’s appearance is described in great detail. His differencefrom the rest of the tribe is highlighted by the fact that “[a]lthoughthe Spokanes were mostly a light-skinned tribe, Thomas tanned toa deep brown, nearly dark as the black man” (4). He also “wasn’tugly, though, just marked by loneliness, like some red L wastattooed on his forehead” (4). This goes along with the idea that heis an outcast from his tribe.iv. Background and history (Gender, Race, Family, Socio-economic class,Religion)1. Being a male means Thomas has a male role in his community,and it might also contribute to his loneliness. Not muchinformation seems to have been given to his historical background

other than how we can infer he is Spokane, he lives in poverty-likeconditions, and he probably belongs to one of the Churches ofGod, just as most of his other fellow tribesmen.v. What others say about them (From a trusted or unreliable source? Basedon complete or only partial information? Objective or biased? Rational oremotional (perhaps resentment or blind devotion)?1. Thomas seems to be a laughing stock in the community, asmentioned “[when] he went out for his daily walks, Thomascradled the guitar like a baby, oblivious to the laughter all aroundhim” (11). Also, when he tries to make a deal with Victor, Victorstates that “[i]t’s better than hearing another one of his goddamnstories” (15). Victor, and probably the rest of the tribe, seems tobe annoyed by Thomas’s ridiculous stories and therefore they writehim off. But these stories show Thomas’s imagination andopenness to the world around him.c. Analyze other characters, focusing on their physical descriptions, status in town,behavior, and the functions they play in the story: Robert Johnson, Big Mom,Victor, Junior, Father Arnold, etc.i. Robert Johnson- “The black stranger surprised the whole tribe when heappeared with nothing more than the suit he wore and the guitar slungover his back”. Robert Johnson was a man in search of a lady to whocould lift the curse he brought upon himself. He was a very secretive man,he didn't tell people much about him and his guitar.ii. Thomas-Builds-the-Fire- Has a “old blue van” and has “long, black hairpulled into braids, he looked like an old-time salmon fisherman: short,muscular legs for the low center of gravity, long torso and arms for theleverage to throw the spear.” Thomas was one of the tribe members andthe first person who wanted to help Robert JOhnson and not just stare athim at the crossroads. He is a very generous human being, he is alwayslooking to help.

iii. Big mom- Cares a lot for the horses that were slaughtered, wears a dress,might be able to fix Robert Johnson’s problem with The Gentleman. SHehad some sort of powers to see the future.iv. Victor Joseph- “Was the reservation John Travolta”, also “still woreclothes from the disco era”, which “his wardrobe made him an angryman”. He was a type of person who relied on his past achievements andhis size to show his authority. He was big bully in the tribe he broke theguitar that belonged to Robert Johnson but it was in the possession ofThomas.Junior Polatkin - Is Victors sidekick, and smart compared to other peoplein the tribe. He is “Tall, good-looking buck with hair like Indians in themovies, long, purple-black, and straight, Junior was the president of theNative American Hair Club”. He doesn't have the guts to get out of hiscomfort zone and show everyone especially Victor who he actually is. Hecan still be ruthless to people for entertainment when he’s with Victor buthe also works and cares for his job unlike Victor.vi. Simon- A guy that buys water from Junior.vii. Father Arnold - He doesn't think that God believes that the band formingtogether, performing, and bringing crowds in from outside of the tribe. Hebelieves world peace is at the top of the list of God. He used to sing in acollege band before he entered the priesthood. He was always fascinatedby the priest because of his father teaching him that a priest is the highestof the men.
v.

Chapter 1 Reservation Blues
1. What do the description of Wellpinit and the towns people’s reaction to the appearance of Robert Johnson tell us about the Indians living on the reservation?
In the description of Wellpinit, it sounds like a very small town and not manypeople pass through it. In the novel it says “ not one person, Indian or otherwise,had ever arrived there by accident. Wellpinit, the only town on the reservation, did not exist on most maps”. From reading this the reader can see that this town isvery quiet and small considering its not seen on maps. In the book when theIndians that live on the reservation see Robert Johnson, none of them do anythingother than question why he is there. Unlike Thomas-Builds-the-Fire that goes upto Johnson and helps him out.

2. What sets Thomas Builds-the-Fire apart from the other Indians we meet in Chapter 1?a. Thomas is seen as a misfit and a repetitive story teller."A crowd of Indian kidshad gathered, because crowds of Indian kids are always gathering somewhere, towatch Thomas Builds-the-Fire, the misfit storyteller of the Spokane Tribe, talk toa strange black man and his guitar."(page 5). But most of all what i find mostimportant that he was one of the few too still know, live, and remember the oneways of the indian traditions and still holds that close to him.

3. Explain the significance of dreams and storytelling throughout the chapter.a. A huge part of Native American culture resonates through storytelling. Much oftheir history (I believe) is passed down through storytelling, and while the facts ofthe story may be a bit mythological and hard to believe, the true meaning ispassed down in a metaphoric sense.

4. Describe the elements of magical realism at work in this chapter: Robert Johnson, theshaman Big Mom, the guitar, and music. What message do they convey?a. Robert Johnson’s story is that he sold his soul to the devil for his musicalprowess. Big Mom’s story is said to have been alive 134 years before the story’ssetting, so this could mean that she is kind of like a spirit that watches over theIndian population and the surrounding nature as well. The guitar shows magicalproperties when it fixes itself after Victor destroys it and when it speaks toThomas. I can guess that the guitar, along with the music, will be what saves theSpokane reservation from its ‘blues.’

5. What is the Indian attitude toward the Indian Health Service, the Department of Housingand Urban Development, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs? What’s the significance ofthe narrator’s description of these organizations?a. The Indians seem to have a confused, indignant, and reluctant attitude towardthese organizations. Thomas notes that the “Indian Health only gave out dental

floss and condoms, and Thomas spent his whole life trying to figure out the connection between the two” (6). This is opposed to giving out helpful medical service (as Johnson needed at the time). The attitude toward the HUD housing is shown in question 1a. The attitude of the BIA is shown when the BIA contractor“decided to build a sidewalk rather than lug the cement all the way back to the warehouse and fill out complicated, unnecessary, and official government papers”(13). The narrator in effect demonstrates how the government assistance programs are half-assed and how America has turned its back on the NativeAmericans.

6. One challenge in the novel is that Alexie has not chosen to tell the story in chronological order. The first flashback occurs on page 9, taking us back to a dramatic event in 1858that sets the stage for the modern events of the novel. Why does Alexie choose to haveus focus on this period in time? (If you want to do more than infer, checkhttp://www.washingtonwars.net/spokane-yakima.htm.)

Alexie flashes back to the time when the Americans are forcibly pushing out theIndians from their homeland. This is an important part of the story as it provides insight as to why the Indian is in the state that it is in. That is, it shows how the U.S. Government set the Indian tribes up to fail. Through his metaphorical tones, Alexie tells this story from the Native American point of view, a view that does not hold back in showing the brutality of Native American colonization.

Disc. Questions???:
1. FallsApart is Sherman Alexie’s domain name for his website, the same name as LesterFallsApart. What could be the significance of this?
2.Why do you think Junior puts up with Victor’s bad attitude when Junior seems so much more educated and has seemingly higher moral standards?


No comments:

Post a Comment